LCD screens have an always-on backlight. This technology requires light to create black, white, and colors. High-end LCDs produce the most accurate colors, though their manufacturers sometimes intentionally calibrate LCDs to produce weaker red, blue, and purple shades in order to reduce the device's power consumption. LCDs generally age slower, with their brightness and color balance holding up fairly well over thousands of hours of use.
IPS stand for In-plane switching. This type of LCD is known for producing clearer image quality and wider viewing angles than the TFT type. These are superior to normal TFT LCD displays with wider viewing angles and lower power consumption which leads to a much improved battery life. IPS-LCDs are costlier than normal TFT LCD and hence are found only on mid and higher end smartphones.
OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode and is a newer technology for displays of mobiles and monitors. It doesn't require any light to produce black, only white and colors. Hence OLEDs provide stellar battery life. They are brighter as well, creating punchy hues. As a side effect, OLED screens tend to oversaturate greens. OLEDs also age more rapidly than LCDs which means that the red and blue colors deteriorate faster than green, which can further throw out the color balance.
AMOLED stands for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode. AMOLED displays are a type of OLED displays for mobiles and are rapidly gaining popularity in the top end smartphone segment. These screens have all the attributes of an OLED display like brilliant color reproduction, light weight, better battery life, higher brightness and sharpness and light weight designs.
Super AMOLED displays are an even advanced version of AMOLED displays developed by Samsung. Super AMOLED display is built with touch sensors on the display itself, as opposed to creating a separate touch sensitive layer (as in capacitive touchscreen). This makes it the thinnest display technology on the market. Super AMOLED displays are also much more responsive than other AMOLED displays. These are mostly used in Samsung's Flagship smartphones.